The quadriceps muscle group, or quads, are located in the front of the thigh and consist of four distinct muscles: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius. The rectus femoris originates at the pelvis and inserts on to the knee joint. It is responsible for flexing (bending) the hip as well as extending (straightening) the knee. The three other muscles - vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius – all originate from different sections of the femur bone and insert into the proximal end of tibia. They all contribute to extension of the knee, with each having its own unique contribution to stabilizing the knee.
The best way to train each head of the quad is to perform exercises that isolate the specific muscle. For example, squats and leg presses target all four heads of the quads, but it’s important to do variations with different foot positions or levers that will help emphasize one head over another. For instance, a squat performed with feet wide and toes pointed outward will better activate your vastus lateralis.
"The best way to train each head of the quad is to perform exercises that isolate the specific muscle."
To specifically target the rectus femoris, exercises such as split squats (stationary lunge position) or single-leg extensions are effective for isolating this muscle. To work on the vastus medialis, doing narrow stance squats, or rear foot elevated split squats with an upright torso are beneficial to targeting that head. The vastus lateralis is targeted using a wide stance with toes pointed slightly outward leg press or squat pattern. Lastly, the vastus intermedius can be isolated by performing exercises such as pulse squats, or goblet step ups.
To properly train the quads, it is important to include a variety of exercises that will target each head of the quad in order to develop balanced strength and symmetry throughout the muscle group. Once you understand what each part of the muscle is responsible for, you can devise an effective workout plan that will help you maximize your results.
For additional information on how to train your quads effectively, it is best to seek advice from a qualified fitness professional who can help design an individualized program tailored to your goals. Additionally, proper form, technique and control are essential when performing any exercise - ensure you have mastered the correct technique before increasing intensity or weight. Finally, always warm up and cool down prior to and after your workouts for optimal performance and injury prevention.
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